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Padang is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of West Sumatra. It had a population of 833,562 at the 2010 census and 909,040 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as of mid 2025 was 965,050. It is the 16th most populous city in Indonesia and the most populous city on the west coast of Sumatra. The Padang metropolitan area is the third most populous metropolitan area in Sumatra with a population of over 1.7 million. Padang is widely known for its Minangkabau culture, cuisine, and sunset beaches.

The city had historically been a trading center since the pre-colonial era, in both pepper and gold. The Dutch made contact with the city in the mid-17th century, eventually constructing a fortress and taking over control of the city from the Pagaruyung Kingdom. Save for several interruptions of British rule, Padang remained part of the Dutch East Indies as one of its major cities until Indonesian independence. In 1906, Padang, along with Palembang, became the first populated places in Sumatra to achieve city status (gemeente).

Sebuah pertunjukan Barongsai di Padang Beberapa klub utama sepak bola, di antaranya PS Semen Padang, PSP Padang, dan Minangkabau FC, bermarkas di kota ini. Ketiga kesebelasan ini menggunakan Stadion Agus Salim sebagai tempat untuk pertandingan laga kandang. Stadion ini terletak pada kawasan gelanggang olahraga (GOR) yang mulai dibangun sejak tahun 1957.

Kota ini juga memiliki lapangan pacuan kuda. Setiap tahunnya diadakan lomba pacu kuda pada kawasan Tunggul Hitam yang memiliki panjang lintasan 1.600 m. Perlombaan pacu kuda ini sudah menjadi tradisi dan menjadi bagian dari budaya masyarakat Minangkabau khususnya. Saat ini terdapat rangkaian perlombaan dengan beberapa kota/kabupaten lain di Sumatera Barat yang mendapat kesempatan menjadi tuan rumah satu kali tiap tahunnya. Sementara pesertanya juga ada dari luar Sumatera Barat.

Perlombaan selaju sampan atau dikenal dengan nama lomba perahu naga biasanya diadakan setiap tahunnya di sungai Banda Bakali. Lomba perahu naga ini kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh etnis Tionghoa, termasuk kesenian tarian tradisional Barongsai yang pernah mewakili Kota Padang pada beberapa perlombaan tingkat internasional.

Kejuaraan Tour de Singkarak 2013 di jalanan Kota Padang. Kota Padang termasuk kota yang menjadi bagian dari tahapan kejuaraan balap sepeda Tour de Singkarak. Kejuaraan yang secara resmi telah menjadi agenda perhelatan tahunan Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) tersebut telah diselenggarakan sejak tahun 2009. Memasuki tahun ke-4 Kota Padang tidak lagi menjadi titik dimulainya Tour de Singkarak, melainkan menjadi titik akhir yang sebelumnya ditempatkan di Danau Singkarak.

Dalam memperingati hari jadinya, kota ini setiap tahunnya menyelenggarakan pesta telong-telong, berupa perayaan pada malam hari yang dimeriahkan dengan pemasangan obor atau lampion. Sementara itu menjelang masuk bulan Ramadhan beberapa masyarakat muslim di kota ini menyelenggarakan tradisi balimau yaitu mandi keramas, biasanya dilakukan pada kawasan tertentu yang memiliki aliran sungai dan tempat pemandian.

Salah satu tradisi adat Minangkabau yaitu persembahan (pasambahan) dalam upacara pemakaman masih dilaksanakan pada Kecamatan Kuranji. Sementara pada Kecamatan Pauh dikenal dengan tradisi silat Pauh (silek Pauah), yang memiliki pengaruh sampai mancanegara serta juga digunakan dalam mengembangkan beberapa aliran tarekat di Padang.

Kawasan Lubuk Minturun populer dalam tradisi balimau di Padang Perpaduan budaya berbagai etnis dapat dilihat pada tari Balanse Madam yang berasal dari komunitas Nias di Padang. Tari yang diciptakan pada abad ke-16 ini dipengaruhi oleh budaya Portugis, Minangkabau dan budaya Nias sendiri. Pada masa kini tari ini juga ditampilkan oleh masyarakat etnis lain, seperti Minangkabau dan Tamil.

Kota ini juga menjadi sumber inspirasi bagi para seniman untuk menuangkan kreasinya, beberapa karya seni yang berkaitan dengan kota ini antara lain roman/novel berjudul Sitti Nurbaya berkisah tentang wanita yang dipaksa kawin dengan lelaki bukan pilihannya dan diracun sampai meninggal, karya Marah Rusli, yang kemudian pada tahun 1990 TVRI mengangkat cerita ini menjadi film layar kaca/sinetron dengan judul Sitti Nurbaya yang dibintangi oleh Novia Kolopaking, Gusti Randa dan HIM Damsyik. Begitu juga dengan roman Sengsara Membawa Nikmat karya Tulis Sutan Sati, mengambil latar Kota Padang dan suasana Minangkabau tempo dulu. Roman ini menceritakan pengembaraan seorang tokoh utamanya bernama Midun, yang kemudian juga diangkat oleh TVRI tahun 1991 menjadi film layar kaca/sinetron dengan judul yang sama, serta dibintangi oleh Sandy Nayoan dan Desy Ratnasari. Sementara lagu berjudul Teluk Bayur diciptakan oleh Zainal Arifin dan dinyanyikan oleh Ernie Djohan menjadi lagu cukup populer di masyarakat tahun 60-an. Di kota Padang juga terdapat puluhan studio rekaman yang banyak disewa oleh para produser dari Jambi, Riau, Sumatera Selatan, dan Sumatera Utara. Selain itu, Kota Padang dan Kota Bukittinggi merupakan basis bagi industri musik pop Minang.

Padang circa 1795 Padang, 1859 Padang has been a trade centre since the 16th century, having been controlled by the Pagaruyung Kingdom and the Aceh Sultanate. During the 16th and 17th centuries, pepper was cultivated and traded with India, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. In 1663, the city came under the authority of the Dutch and a trading post was built in 1680. The city came under the British Empire twice, firstly from 1781 to 1784 during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War and again from 1795 to 1819 during the Napoleonic Wars. In 1819 the city was transferred back to the Netherlands. Up to circa 1780 the most important trade product was gold originating from gold mines in the region. When the mines were exhausted, the focus turned to other products such as coffee, salts, and textiles.

In 1797 Padang was inundated by a tsunami with an estimated flow depth of 5–10 metres, following an earthquake, estimated to be 8.5–8.7 Mw, which occurred off the coast. The shaking caused considerable damage and the deaths of two people, while the tsunami resulted in several houses being washed away and several deaths at the village of Air Manis. Boats moored in the Arau river ended up on dry land, including a 200-ton sailing ship which was deposited about upstream. In 1833, another tsunami inundated Padang with an estimated flow depth of as a result of an earthquake, estimated to be 8.6–8.9 Mw, which occurred off Bengkulu. The shaking caused considerable damage in Padang, and due to the tsunami boats moored in the Arau river broke their anchors and were scattered.

In 1837, the Dutch East Indies government made Padang the seat of government of the West Coast of Sumatra (Sumatra's Westkust) which included present-day West Sumatra and Tapanuli. Subsequently the city became a gemeente area since 1 April 1906 after the issuance of an ordinance (STAL 1906 No.151) on 1 March 1906. Until World War II, Padang was one of the five largest port cities in Indonesia, apart from Jakarta, Surabaya, Medan, and Makassar.

Coat of Arms of Padang during Dutch colonial era, granted in 1926 The population of Padang in 1920 was 28,754, making it the second largest city in Sumatra after Palembang. At the time of independence in the 1940s, the city had around 50,000 inhabitants. Coffee was still important, but copra was also a major item produced by farmers in its hinterland. Since then, the population growth has been partly a result of growth in the area of the city, but largely a result of the migration to major cities seen in so many developing nations. From 1950 the Ombilin coal field developed with Padang as its outlet port. This was seen by some observers as reflecting the economic and political colonisation of Indonesia.

Upon the entry of the Japanese army on 17 March 1942, Padang was abandoned by the Dutch due to their panic. At the same time, Sukarno was detained in the city because the Dutch at that time wanted to take him with them to escape to Australia. Then the commander of the Japanese Army for Sumatra met him to negotiate the fate of Indonesia. After the Japanese were able to control the situation, the city was then used as an administrative city for development and public works during their occupation of West Sumatra.

On 30 September 2009, a 7.9 magnitude earthquake hit about off the coast of Padang. There were more than 1,100 fatalities, 313 of which occurred within Padang.

The city of Padang is located on the west coast of the island of Sumatra, with a total area of, equivalent to 1.65% of the area of West Sumatra. More than 60% of the area of Padang is in the form of hills covered by protection forests. Only around of the territory is considered urban. The hills stretch in the east and south of the city. The notable hills in Padang include Lampu Hill, Mount Padang, Gado-Gado Hill, and Pegambiran Hill. The city of Padang has a coastline of on the mainland of Sumatra.

In addition, there are also 19 small islands within the city limits, including Bintangur Island with an area of, Sikuai Island with an area of and 9 even smaller islands within Bungus Teluk Kabung District; Toran Island covering, Pisang Gadang Island with an area of, Pandan Island with an area of and 2 smaller islands within Padang Selatan District; and 2 smaller islands within Koto Tangah District.

Padang features a tropical rainforest climate under Köppen's climate classification. Since this tropical rainforest climate is more subject to the Intertropical Convergence Zone than the trade winds and cyclones are very rare, it is equatorial. Padang is one of Indonesia's wettest cities, with frequent rainfall throughout the course of the year. The city averages roughly of rain per year. Padang's driest month is February, where of precipitation on average is observed. The city temperatures are relatively constant throughout the year, with an average of. Padang has 21 rivers, with the longest being Batang Kandis with a length of. In 1980 two-thirds of the city was flooded because the city's drainage which primarily empties to Batang Arau could not contain the water.