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Sleman Regency is an Indonesian regency on the island of Java. It is located in the north of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and has an area of, with a population of 1,093,110 at the 2010 Census and 1,125,804 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 1,157,292 - comprising 573,760 males and 583,540 females. Its capital is the town of Sleman. The current regent is Harda Kiswaya.

Due to ashfall from Mount Merapi and easy irrigation, the land in Sleman Regency is very fertile. The soil is thick, with a favourable moisture capacity level. As such, rice yields are considerably high. The area is also well known for its production of salak pondoh, which is also its official plant.

During the 8th century, the Buddhist Sailendra dynasty controlled Sleman, building numerous temples such as Kalasan. The palace itself was at Ratu Boko.

After the fall of the Sailendra dynasty, the Mataram kingdom ruled over Sleman, taking control of Ratu Boko palace and eventually commingling with the remnants of the Sailendra dynasty.

The Sanjaya dynasty, which replaced the Mataram kingdom, later ruled over Sleman and is believed to have built Prambanan 850 CE.

The existence of Sleman as a regency can be traced back to 15 May 1916. The then Sultan Hamengkubuwono VII of the Yogyakarta Sultanate published Rijksblad No. 11 of 1916, which reorganized the sultanate's territory into three regencies, including Sleman. However, Sleman's status as a Regency was removed in 1927 in a reorganization under Hamengkubuwono VIII and its territory was incorporated to the Yogyakarta Regency. On 8 April 1945, Sleman's status as a Regency was restored by Hamengkubuwono IX. 15 May has been designated by the government as Sleman's anniversary.

Sleman was incorporated on 8 August 1950 with the passing of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 15 1950 about the Creation of Regencies within the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Destroyed house in Cangkringan District after the 2010 eruptions of Mount Merapi In 2010, numerous eruptions of Mount Merapi and lahar flows afterwards killed 353 people and caused over Rp. 5.5 trillion (US$ 610 million) in damages.

Sleman Regency is located in the north of Yogyakarta Special Region, between the city of Yogyakarta to the south, and the Magelang Regency and Klaten Regency (of Central Java Province) to the northwest and northeast respectively. The northern part is roughly triangular, sloping downhill from Mount Merapi at the northern apex, and is bordered by Central Java Province to the west, north and east. The southern part is dominated by the suburbs of the city of Yogyakarta, notably the densely populated districts of Gamping, Mlati and Depok, and is bordered by the remaining three regencies of the Special Region - Kulon Progo, Bantul, and Gunung Kidul, as well as the city of Yogyakarta to the south.

Sleman Regency features a tropical monsoon climate, with a lengthy wet season generally running from October until June and a short dry season that only covers the months of July, August and September. The Regency averages roughly 2200 mm of precipitation annually. Sleman experiences particularly heavy rainfall from November through April. Temperatures remain relatively constant throughout the course of the year, with average high temperatures at around 30 degrees Celsius and average lows at around 22 degrees Celsius. There is slight variation within Sleman Regency. The northern areas, near Mount Merapi, are much cooler due to the higher altitude. The southern area has nearly the same climate as Yogyakarta, due to their proximity.