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Bukittinggi (, formerly ) is the third largest city in West Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of 111,312 in 2010 and 121,028 in 2020. The official estimate as of mid 2025 lists a population of 125,920 (consisting of 62,809 males and 63,111 females). The city covers an area of 24.84 km2. It is located in the Minangkabau Highlands, 90 km by road from the West Sumatran capital city of Padang. The city is completely surrounded by the Agam Regency (Bukittinggi was its regency seat until 1998), making it an enclave within the regency, and it is located at, near the volcanoes Mount Singgalang (inactive) and Mount Marapi (still active). At 930 m above sea level, the city has a cool climate with temperatures between 16.1° to 24.9 °C.

Bukittinggi used to be known as Fort de Kock and was once dubbed as ''. The city was the capital of Indonesia during the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI). Before it became the capital of PDRI, the city was a centre of government at the time of the Dutch East Indies and during the Japanese colonial period.

Bukittinggi is also known as a leading tourist city in West Sumatra. It is twinned with Seremban in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The Jam Gadang, a clock tower located in the heart of the city, is a symbol for the city and a well-visited tourist spot in the city.

The city is the birthplace of Mohammad Hatta, Indonesian co-proclamator and Assaat, then Indonesian (acting) president. Koto Gadang, a village in the southwest of the city, produces an abundance of statesmen, ministers, doctors, economist, artist and scholars who make great contribution to Indonesia, including Sutan Sjahrir, Agus Salim, Bahder Djohan, Rohana Kudus, Emil Salim, and Dr. Syahrir.

The city has its origins in five villages that served as the basis for a marketplace. It was known as Fort de Kock in colonial times in reference to the Dutch outpost established here in 1825 during the Padri War.

The fort was founded by Captain Bauer at the top of Jirek hill and later named after the then Lieutenant Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, Hendrik Merkus de Kock. The first road connecting the region with the west coast was built between 1833 and 1841 via the Anai Gorge, easing troop movements, cutting the costs of transportation and providing an economic stimulus for the agricultural economy.

In 1856 a teacher-training college (Kweekschool) was founded in the city, the first in Sumatra, as part of a policy to provide education opportunities to the indigenous population. A rail line connecting the city with Payakumbuh and Padang was constructed between 1891 and 1894.

During the Japanese occupation of West Sumatra in World War II, the city was the headquarters for the Japanese 25th Army, the force that occupied Sumatra. The headquarters was moved to the city in April 1943 from Singapore and remained until the Japanese surrender in August 1945.

thumbnail|Mosque in central Bukittinggi During the Indonesian National Revolution, the city saw a failed coup attempt by Islamist militias against the Indonesian republican government in 1947. During the second 'Police Action' Dutch forces invaded and occupied the city on 22 December 1948, having earlier bombed it in preparation. The city was surrendered to Republican officials in December 1949 after the Dutch government recognised Indonesian sovereignty.

The city was officially renamed Bukittinggi in 1949, replacing its colonial name. From 1950 until 1957, Bukittinggi was the capital city of a province called Central Sumatra, which encompassed West Sumatra, Riau and Jambi. In February 1958, during a revolt in Sumatra against the Indonesian government, rebels proclaimed the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PRRI) in Bukittinggi. The Indonesian government had recaptured the town by May the same year.

A group of Muslim men had planned to bomb a cafe in the city frequented by foreign tourists in October 2007, but the plot was aborted due to the risk of killing Muslim individuals in the vicinity. Since 2008, the city administration has banned Valentine's Day and New Year's celebrations as they consider them not in line with Minangkabau traditions or Islam that can lead to "immoral acts" such as young couples hugging and kissing.

Kota Bukittinggi terletak pada rangkaian Bukit Barisan yang membujur sepanjang pulau Sumatra. Kota ini menghampar di sebelah utara Gunung Singgalang dan Gunung Marapi. Sebelah barat kota ini dibatasi oleh lembah yang menciptakan Ngarai Sianok. Bukittinggi berada pada ketinggian 909–941 meter di atas permukaan laut, dan memiliki hawa sejuk dengan suhu berkisar antara 16.1–24.9 °C. Sementara itu, dari total luas wilayah Kota Bukittinggi saat ini (25,24 km²), 82,8% telah diperuntukkan menjadi lahan budidaya, sedangkan sisanya merupakan hutan lindung.

Kota ini memiliki topografi berbukit-bukit dan berlembah. Terdapat 27 bukit yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Bukittinggi. Bukit-bukit tersebut yaitu Bukit Kubangan Kabau, Bukit Jirek, Bukit Sarang Gagak, Bukit Tambun Tulang, Bukit Cubadak Bungkuak, Bukit Malambuang, Bukit Mandiangin, Bukit Ambacang, Bukit Upang-upang, Bukit Pauah, Bukit Lacir, Bukit Jalan Aua Nan Basa, Bukit Cindai, Bukit Campago, Bukit Gumasik, Bukit Gamuak, Bukit Guguak Bulek, Bukit Sangkak, Bukit Apik, Bukit Pinang Nan Sabatang, Bukit Cangang, Bukit Parit Natuang, Bukit Sawah Laweh, Bukit Batarah, Bukit Pungguak, Bukit Paninjauan, dan Bukit Gulimeh. Selain itu, terdapat lembah yang dikenal dengan Ngarai Sianok dengan kedalaman yang bervariasi antara 75–110 m, yang di dasarnya mengalir sebuah sungai yang disebut dengan Batang Masang.