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Poso Regency is a regency of Central Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 7,553.43 km2, and had a population of 209,228 at the 2010 Census and 244,875 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2025 was 256,672 (comprising 132,460 males and 124,212 females). The principal town lies at Poso (with 47,592 inhabitants in mid 2024).

The regency as created in 1959 covered a much larger area to the east. However, on 4 October 1999 the regency's south-eastern districts were split off to form a separate Morowali Regency, and on 18 December 2003 the regency's north-eastern districts were likewise split off to form a separate Tojo Una-Una Regency. In 2007 there were calls to divide the remaining Poso Regency into two regencies to overcome religious-based conflicts; one new regency in the southeastern and western sectors would by named Tentena Regency (comprising the first twelve kecamatan listed below), while the residual Poso Regency in the northeast sector (bordering the Gulf of Tomini) would consist of the last seven kecamatan listed below; however, this proposal was not enacted.

Poso Regency is located within the folds of various mountain ranges, namely the Fennema and Toneba Mountains in the west, the Takolekaju Mountains in the southwest, the Verbeek Mountains in the southeast, and the Pompangeo and Lumut Mountains in the northeast.