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Asmat Regency is a regency (kabupaten) in the northwestern portion of the Indonesian province of South Papua. It is bounded to the southwest by the Arafura Sea, to the southeast and east by Mappi Regency, to the north by Highland Papua Province and to the northwest by Central Papua Province. It was split off from Merauke Regency (of which it had been a part) on 12 November 2002.

Asmat Regency covers a land area of 25,015.31 km2, and had a population of 76,577 at the 2010 Census, 88,373 at the 2015 Intermediate Census, and 110,105 at the 2020 Census, while the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 120,902 (comprising 62,879 males and 58,023 females), mostly from the Asmat ethnic group. The administrative centre of the regency is the town of Agats.

Asmat Regency is renowned for its cultural diversity, including wood carving and traditional ceremonies, which are major attractions for researchers and tourists. Asmat history and culture remain an important part of the region's identity.

Asmat Regency is located in South Papua Province, Indonesia. The regency has a rich history and culture, much of which is influenced by the indigenous Asmat people.

The name Asmat is taken from the name of the ethnic group that inhabits the area. The Asmat people is known for their unique wood carving art and rich ceremonial traditions.

Before the arrival of the colonizers, the Asmat people lived in a traditional social structure that focused on customary and ritual systems. Dutch colonization began to influence the region in the late 19th century, although its influence was indirect and often intersected with local culture.

During the Dutch colonial period, Asmat, like many other areas in Papua, was the focus of exploration and missions. However, Dutch influence in Asmat was relatively limited compared to other areas in Papua.

Between Indonesia's independence in 1949 and 1962, the Asmat region was administered as a part of Dutch New Guinea along with the rest of the western half of the island of Papua. In 1962, the territory was handed over the United Nations Temporary Executive Authority, which itself gave the territory to Indonesia in 1963. Western New Guinea, including the territory that would later become Asmat Regency, officially joined Indonesia through the disputed Act of Free Choice in 1969.

Asmat Regency was formed in 1969 as part of an administrative effort to better manage and address the needs of the local community. The regency became part of Papua Province, and then, after expansion, became part of South Papua Province in 2022.

Kabupaten Asmat memiliki luas wilayah sebesar ±25.015 km². Kabupaten ini berada di wilayah pesisir selatan Pulau Papua yang menghadap langsung Laut Arafuru. Secara astronomis, wilayah ini berada di antara 4,6°–6,6° lintang selatan dan 137,55°–139,64° bujur timur. Wilayah barat kabupaten ini merupakan wilayah konservasi margasatwa yaitu Taman Nasional Lorentz.

Berikut merupakan beberapa wilayah yang berbatasan langsung dengan Kabupaten Asmat:

Berdasarkan keadaan muka lahan, hampir seluruh wilayah Kabupaten Asmat merupakan wilayah dataran rendah dengan ketinggian muka lahan berkisar antara 0–100 mdpl. Wilayah kabupaten ini terkenal dengan kawasan rawa-rawa yang memanjang sepanjang pesisir selatan yang langsung menghadap Laut Arafuru.

Seperti wilayah lain di Indonesia, Kabupaten Asmat beriklim tropis (Af) dengan curah hujan yang cenderung tinggi sepanjang tahunnya. Rerata curah hujan tahunan berkisar antara 2.500 hingga 3.500 mm per tahun. Oleh karena wilayahnya yang berupa dataran rendah, suhu udara di wilayah ini berkisar antara 22°–33 °C dengan kelembapan relatif berkisar 70%–90%.