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Tulungagung Regency (pronounced ) is a regency (kabupaten) of East Java Province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,144.856 km2 and had a population of 990,159 at the 2010 Census and 1,089,775 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid 2025 was 1,141,079. The administrative headquarters is in the town of Tulungagung.

Previously, Tulungagung was only a small area located where the center of the town is situated now; that area was named Tulungagung - in the Old Javanese language, tulung means help, and agung means Almighty. It was based on how it used to flood everywhere and people would pray to God so that it wouldn't flood, thus forming the name "tulungagung". The larger area is called Ngrowo. Ngrowo was still used as the name of Tulungagung until the 20th century when the administrative centre's location was moved from Kalangbret to Tulungagung.

In 1205, the Thani Lawadan community living in the southern part of Tulungagung received an honor from the last king of Daha, Kertajaya, for their loyalty to the king when there was a siege from the enemy coming from the east of Daha. That honor then was written into an ancient inscription namely Prasasti Lawadan marked as "Sukra Suklapada Mangga Siramasa" which describes the date of November 18, 1205, the date when it was made. That date has been officially used as the establishment date of Tulungagung since 2003.

In Boyolangu Village (Boyolangu district), there is Gayatri Temple, a temple which also a mausoleum for Gayatri (Sri Rajapatni), the fourth wife of the first Majapahit King, Raden Wijaya (Kertarajasa Jayawardhana), who also the mother of the third Majapahit Queen, Sri Gitarja (Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi). Sri Rajapatni was the grandmother of the greatest Majapahit Emperor, Hayam Wuruk (Rajasanegara), who ruled Majapahit in its golden period with the support of his prime minister Gadjah Mada. The name of Boyolangu is shown in Nagarakertagama as a sacred place for Gayatri.

Tulungagung Regency is located southwest of Surabaya, the capital city of East Java Province. The other regencies and areas surrounding Tulungagung Regency are: North: Kediri Regency South: Indian Ocean East: Blitar Regency West: Trenggalek Regency

Topographically, Tulungagung Regency is located above the sea level. The northwest part of the regency is a portion of the Wilis-Liman mountain range; the central part is lowland; the southern part is a portion of the rocky Kapur Kidul mountain range which is also an enormous source of marble. In the northwest part of Tulungagung Regency, specifically in Sendang District, there is Mount Wilis, the highest point in Tulungagung Regency.

In the administrative capital of Tulungagung town, there is the Ngrowo River, a tributary of the Brantas River, and it divides the town of Tulungagung into northern and southern parts. Boyolangu, Tulungagung and Kedungwaru Districts together form a highly urbanised centre for the regency, occupying 81.85 km2 with 250,220 inhabitants in mid 2025, with parts of Tulungagung district being exclaves within the other two districts.

Tulungagung has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) with moderate to little rainfall from May to October and heavy rainfall from November to April.

The Tulungagung Regency government is led by Dr. Heru Suseno, S.TP., MT. since 25 September 2023 as the regent.