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Mukomuko Regency is a regency of Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, on the island of Sumatra. It was originally part of the North Bengkulu Regency, but on 25 February 2003 that regency was split into two parts, the northwestern part created as a separate Mukomuko Regency. It covers a land area of 4,138.66 km2 and had a population of 155,753 at the 2010 census, which rose to 190,498 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2025 was 204,560 (comprising 105,409 males and 99,151 females). The administrative centre of the Mukomuko Regency is Mukomuko town.

In the 18th and 19th Centuries, it was known to the British East India Company as "Moco Moco". Mukomuko Airport

The indigenous people of Mukomuko are the Mukomuko, who are a part of the Minangkabau ethnic group. Traditionally, in culture and language, Mukomuko is close to the Pesisir Selatan Regency in West Sumatra Province.

In the past the Mukomuko area was part of the West Coast region (Pasisie Baraik) Minangkabau tribe. The Mukomuko people are an ethnic group that is closely related to the Minangkabau or the closest Minangkabau ethnic group. The Mukomuko area is also an overseas Minangkabau region which is often also called the Riak nan Berdebur namely the area along the West Coast from Padang to South Bengkulu. However, since the British colonial period, the Mukomuko area has been included in the Bengkulu administration (Bencoolen). Since then they have been separated from their comrades in West Sumatra and become an integral part of the Bengkulu region. This continued during the Dutch colonial period, Japanese occupation, until the independence period.

During the independence period, the Mukomuko region was included in the North Bengkulu Regency. The subsequent division of regencies and cities has occurred in almost all provinces in Indonesia, including Bengkulu Province. In early 2003, the province added five new regencies (as stipulated by Law No.3 of 2003), including the splitting off of a new Mukomuo Regency from the northern part of North Bengkulu Regency. The South Bengkulu Regency was also divided into South Bengkulu, Seluma, and Kaur regencies, while Rejang Lebong Regency was divided into Rejang Lebong, Kepahiang and Lebong regencies.

Similar to other districts in Bengkulu, Mukomuko was also affected by an earthquake on 13 September 2007, when an earthquake devastated a part of the population of Mukomuko, especially in the Lubuk Pinang District.

Sending transmigrants to Bengkulu has flared up again since 1967. In fact, Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 1973 stipulates Bengkulu Province and nine other provinces as transmigration areas outside Java. One of the transmigrant destinations is Bengkulu Utara and this policy continues to this day. In 2004 Bengkulu still received additional transmigrants. Each transmigrant family is provided with two hectares of land. The majority of transmigrants from Java are farmers. Now these migrant population centers have grown into economic centers.

Population growth is very fast with this transmigration program. This has also caused a change in the composition of the population in the Mukomuko Regency area. Currently, the number of immigrants from Java has far exceeded the number of natives of Mukomuko. So that in reality today, indigenous people are a minority in Mukomuko Regency.

Secara geografis, Kabupaten Mukomuko terletak pada 101o01’15,1” – 101o51’29,6” BT dan 02o16’32,0”–03o07’46,0” LS. Suhu udara kota Mukomuko berkisar antara 21,10 C sampai dengan 34,60 C dengan curah hujan rata-rata 151,2 mm.

Secara administratif, Kabupaten Mukomuko terbagi menjadi 15 kecamatan, 148 desa, dan 3 kelurahan.

Sebagian besar penduduk Muko-muko merupakan transmigran yang berasal dari Jawa, Sunda, Minang, dan lain sebagainya. Hal ini karena, Bengkulu dan mukomuko pada zaman kolonial Belanda dijadikan "tanah harapan" bagi penduduk luar Bengkulu. Sebanyak 37,4% penduduk adalah suku Minang, 6,3 % suku Jawa, 5,4 % suku Sunda dan sisanya dari Bali, Bugis, Melayu, Rejang, Serawai, Lembak, serta lainnya.

Secara administrasi Kabupaten Mukomuko, Provinsi Bengkulu berbatasan dengan wilayah berikut: