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Lebong is an inland regency of Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, on the island of Sumatra. It lies on the eastern slopes of the Barisan Mountains, the main watershed of Sumatra, thus draining towards the island's east coast. It covers an area of 1,667.05 km2, and had a population of 97,091 at the 2010 Census and 106,293 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2025 was 113,140 (comprising 57,789 males and 55,351 females). Contrary to the popularly held belief that the town of Muara Aman is the seat of the government of Lebong Regency, the regency's capital is actually located in neighboring Tubei District (previously known as Pelabai), where all the offices and judiciary institutions are situated.

Until 1966 the regency, together with the rest of what is now Bengkulu Province, was part of South Sumatra Province. It formed part of Rejang Lebong Regency until 25 February 2003, when the northwestern districts of that regency were split off to create the new Lebong Regency.

Kabupaten ini secara astronomis terletak pada 105º-108º BT dan 02º,65’-03º,60’ LS di sepanjang Bukit Barisan serta terklasifikasi sebagai daerah perbukitan dengan ketinggian 500-1.000 mdpl. Kenampakan alam utama kabupaten ini adalah luak Lebong, sebuah lembah pada aliran sungai Ketahun, sungai penting yang berhulu di daerah Topos dan mengalir ke barat hingga bermuara di daerah Pasar Ketahun, Bengkulu Utara. Luak Lebong dikelilingi oleh puncak-puncak Bukit Barisan di kedua sisinya, masing-masing memisahkan daerah ini dari dataran rendah di Bengkulu Utara dan Musi Rawas Utara.

Kabupaten Lebong berbatasan dengan daerah-daerah sebagai berikut.