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Lebak Regency is a regency of Banten province, Indonesia. It is located on the island of Java. The regency has an area of 3,481.35 km2 and had a population of 1,204,095 at the 2010 census and 1,386,793 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 1,480,593. The town of Rangkasbitung in the north of the regency is the administrative centre. The regency is bordered by the Pandeglang Regency to the west, the Serang Regency to the north, and the Tangerang Regency to the north-east, by the Bogor and Sukabumi regencies (both in West Java Province) to the east, and by the Indian Ocean to the south.

Sebagian besar penduduk kabupaten ini berasal dari suku Sunda (termasuk masyarakat adat Kanekes).

The Lebak Regency is the regency to which the Dutchman Eduard Douwes Dekker, better known by his pseudonym Multatuli, was appointed in 1856 as Assistant Resident. Douwes Dekker observed that the local regent exploited the local population and requested his removal. He made a few mistakes in this. He bypassed his direct chief and overlooked the size of abuse by the regent. The regent being of local nobility but paid by the colonial government was regularly in poor circumstances having to keep up with demands of patronage for his large family, according to the adat, the traditional law. Bad practices were known and condoned to a certain extent by the colonial administration. Governmental research that same year showed however more serious abuse by the lesser local officials. The governor-general disapproved of Dekker's tactless conduct and ordered his replacement, which Dekker refused. He resigned after three months of duty in Lebak. Home he published four years later Max Havelaar, or the Coffee Auctions of the Dutch Trading Company, a pamphlet-novel, which had great influence on later administrators, less by force of analysis than by the vigour of its language, setting a new standard for Dutch literature.

Kabupaten Lebak secara geografis terletak pada titik koordinat 105º25' – 106º30' Bujur Timur dan 6º18'–7º00' Lintang Selatan. Topografi Kabupaten Lebak terdiri atas pantai, dataran rendah hingga pegunungan. Ketinggian wilayah Kabupaten Lebak berkisar antara 0–1.929 meter di atas permukaan air laut.

Kabupaten Lebak berbatasan dengan beberapa wilayah berikut:

Iklim di Kabupaten Lebak dipengaruhi oleh angin Muson dan La Nina. Cuaca didominasi oleh angin baratan dari Samudera Hindia dan benua Asia pada musim hujan dan angin timuran pada musim kemarau. Curah hujan rata-rata per tahun mencapai 2.000-4.000 mm dengan suhu udara antara 20°-32 °C.

Sungai Ciujung yang mengalir ke arah utara menuju Laut Jawa melintasi Kabupaten Lebak merupakan sungai terpanjang di Provinsi Banten. Sedangkan sungai yang bermuara ke Samudra Hindia di antaranya Sungai Cibareo, Sungai Cisawarna, Sungai Cimadur, Sungai Cisiih, Sungai Cimancak, Sungai Cihara, Sungai Cipageran dan Sungai Cilangkahan.